What is the role of procalcitonin testing in guiding antibiotics?

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Procalcitonin is a biomarker that rises mainly in bacterial infections, while viral infections and noninfectious inflammation often cause little or no rise. Because of this pattern, a low procalcitonin level suggests antibiotics may not be needed, whereas a higher level supports a bacterial source and the use of antibiotics. Rechecking levels over time helps guide how long to treat: a falling procalcitonin value can justify shortening antibiotic courses, reducing exposure and resistance. It’s especially helpful in respiratory infections and sepsis, but it should be interpreted with the overall clinical picture, as certain conditions can skew results and it’s not a stand-alone diagnostic test.